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Glucagon receptor antagonist (pA₂ = 7.2 for inhibition of glucagon-induced adenylyl cyclase activation in rat liver membranes); displays no agonist activity. Enhances glucose-stimulated pancreatic insulin release in vitro. Blocks added glucagon-induced hyperglycemia in normal rabbits without affecting glycogenolysis in vivo. Also blocks endogenous glucagon-induced hyperglycemia in streptozocin diabetic rats.

Bradykinin is a peptide that exhibits natriuretic, antioxidative, vasodilatory, and pro-angiogenic activities. Bradykinin stimulates bradykinin receptors and increases PLC activity, decreasing ENaC open probability, inhibiting distal nephron Na+ transport, and inducing natriuresis. In vitro, bradykinin decreases H2O2-induced senescence, increases activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and suppresses DNA damage, ROS production, and NADPH oxidase activity. Additionally, bradykinin increases expression of VEGF and promotes tube formation in prostate cancer cells.

This is a highly conserved polypeptide NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist. It acts through a potent noncompetitive inhibition of polyamine responses and is approximately 7-fold more potent than spermine.

[Gly22]-Amyloid beta-protein (1-42) causes early onset of Alzheimer′s compared to wild type and promotes protofibril formation and neurotoxicity.

This sequence corresponds to the sequence found naturally in mucin-type MUC5AC glycoprotein, but with 2 amino acid substitutions - a reflection of mucin molecule polymorphism. MUC5AC gene is mainly expressed in gastric and tracheo-bronchial mucosae.

[Ile76]-TNF-alpha (70-80) enhances human polymorphonuclear-mediated killing of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and reduces Plasmodium chabaudi parasitemia in mice, but does not have the typical toxic effects of TNF.

This motilin analogue stimulates gastric motor activity. [Leu13]-Motilin is more stable to plasmin and remains in the blood longer than natural motilin.

Antigen Peptide [Leu27] - Melan - A MART-1 26-35 (HLA-A*02:01) ELAGIGILTV for stimulation of antigen-specific T cells in T cell assays such as ELISPOT, ICS, cytotoxity or proliferation assays.

sterile and endotoxin free

[Leu31,Pro34]-Peptide YY is an agonist at Y₁, Y₄ and Y₅ NPY receptors.

KKLVFFA contains the KLVFF sequence; which is the minimum sequence binding the full-length amyloid β-protein. It showed improved water solubility compared with KLVFF. It can be used as a labeled probe for screening defined sequences in the full-length amyloid β--protein.

This peptide inhibited activation of PAR-2 by trypsin in PAR-2 receptor expressing KNRK cells. Half-maximal inhibition of calcium signaling was observed at about 50 µM. In contrast, the activation of PAR-2 by SLIGRL-NH2 (PAR-2 (1-6) amide (mouse, rat)) was not inhibited by this peptide. Selective Antagonist for PAR2 Agonist. This peptide blocks trypsin but not SLIGRL-NH2 activation of PAR2 in receptor-expressing KNRK cells.

[Phe22]-Big Endothelin-1 (19-37) acts as an ECE inhibitor and a potent blocker of Big-Endothelin-1 induced vasoconstriction in the kidney

[Leu31,Pro34]-Neuropeptide Y is a highly potent an selective ligand for the Y1 receptor

[Pro9]-Substance P has high affinity and selectivity for NK-1 receptors

This peptide is a pseudosubstrate for a number of serine/threonine kinases, including protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase B (PKB), protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase CHK1, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) different isoforms. The peptide sequence is derived from the residues 19-31 of human protein kinase C isoforms alpha and beta, which contains the R-X-X-S/T consensus motif for Ser/Thr kinases that phosphorylate the Ser25 within this peptide.

[Trp4]-Kemptide is a substrate for adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase.  Phosphorylation causes a 20% increase in the fluorescence of the peptide

Cardiac natriuretic peptides: hormones with anticancer effects that localize to nucleus, cytoplasm, endothelium, and fibroblasts of human cancers.

• Human Urocortin II, a Selective Agonist for the Type 2 Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor, Decreases Feeding and Drinking in the Rat.
• Urocortin III is expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and stimulates insulin and glucagon secretion.
• Human urocortin II, a selective agonist for the type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor, decreases feeding and drinking in the rat.
• Differential actions of peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), urocortin II, and urocortin III on gastric emptying and colonic transit in mice: role of CRF receptor subtypes 1 and 2.
• Human urocortin II, a new CRF-related peptide, displays selective CRF(2)-mediated action on gastric transit in rats.
• Urocortin reduces oxygen consumption in lean and ob/ob mice.
• Urocortin reduces food intake and gastric emptying in lean and ob/ob obese mice.

Other Name: [Tyr1]-pTH (1-34), human

Other Name: [Tyr22]-alpha-Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (22-37), canine, mouse, rat

Other Name: [Tyr27]-pTH (27-48), human

Other Name:[Tyr36]-Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (1-36), human, rat; [Tyr36]-pTH-RP (1-36), human, rat

other name:[Tyr52]-Parathyroid Hormone (52-84), human

[Tyr65,Phe67]-C5a (65-74) is an analog of the human C5a anaphylatoxin C-terminal region. It acts as a full agonist of natural C5a in its ability to induce shape change (polarization) and the release of β-glucuronidase from human neutrophils (PMNs).

Bradykinin is a peptide that exhibits natriuretic, antioxidative, vasodilatory, and pro-angiogenic activities. Bradykinin stimulates bradykinin receptors and increases PLC activity, decreasing ENaC open probability, inhibiting distal nephron Na+ transport, and inducing natriuresis. In vitro, bradykinin decreases H2O2-induced senescence, increases activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and suppresses DNA damage, ROS production, and NADPH oxidase activity. Additionally, bradykinin increases expression of VEGF and promotes tube formation in prostate cancer cells.

β-secretase substrate corresponding to the Met/Val substitution of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) β-secretase cleavage site

This is a 26-amino acid neuropeptide belonging to the RFamide family.  It is expressed in the hypothalmus and has orexigenic properties, suggesting it may have a role in controlling feeding behavior.  It may also play a potential role in the control of the gonadotropic axis.

This peptide represents a sequence of triple DYKDDDDK epitopes that is used in studying the function and structure of proteins. It has an increased sensitivity to the anti- DYKDDDDK M2 antibody and can be detected at lower abundance than the octomeric DYKDDDDK tag. A FLAG-tag can be used in many different assays that require recognition by an antibody. If there is no antibody against a given protein, adding a FLAG-tag to a protein allows the protein to be studied with an antibody against the FLAG sequence.

sterile and endotoxin free

4A/4B is a Hepatitus C Virus related peptide.

ILDDIGHGV is a linear peptidic epitope (epitope ID 156689) studied as part of Abl interactor 2 (UniProt:Q9NYB9) from Homo sapiens (human) and Abl interactor 2 (UniProt:E7EW77) from Homo sapiens (human). This epitope has been studied for immune reactivity and was tested in MHC ligand assays

A peptide used to identify the effects of agonists and antagonists on the conformation of estrogen receptors.

Abltide is a peptide substrate for Abl Kinase (Abl protein tyrosine kinase), a partner in the gag-Abl fusion protein of the Abelson murine leukemia virus. Used in Western blot and kinase assay.

Ac-[Asn30,Tyr32]-Calcitonin (8-32), salmon I is a potent and selective antagonist of amylin-induced hyperglycaemia and hyperlactaemia. It has been used to demonstrate that amylin receptors mediate the anorectic action of salmon calcitonin.

Ac-[Leu28,31]-Neuropeptide Y (24-36) is a selective NPY Y2 receptor agonist.

other name: Ac-[Leu28,31]-NPY (24-36)

sterile and endotoxin free

other name: N-Acetyl-ACTH (1-17), human

sterile and endotoxin free

Acetyl-Amylin (8-37), human, completely reversed the inhibitory effects of amylin on 14C-glycogen accumulation in vitro.  It is an effective amylin antagonist with limited ability to block inhibition by CGRP.

sterile and endotoxin free

Application key: E- ELISA, WB- Western blot, IH- Immunohistochemistry, IF- Immunofluorescence, FC- Flow cytometry, IC- Immunocytochemistry, IP- Immunoprecipitation, ChIP- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, EMSA- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, BL- Blocking, SE- Sandwich ELISA, CBE- Cell-based ELISA, RNAi- RNA interference

Species reactivity key: H- Human, M- Mouse, R- Rat, B- Bovine, C- Chicken, D- Dog, G- Goat, Mk- Monkey, P- Pig, Rb- Rabbit, S- Sheep, Z- Zebrafish

sterile and endotoxin free

A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).

other name: CALPASTATIN PEPTIDE;CS PEPTIDE HUMAN;CS PEPTIDE;ACETYL-CALPASTATIN (184-210) (HUMAN);ACETYL-CALPASTATIN HUMAN;ACETYL-CALPAIN INHIBITOR FRAGMENT (184-210) (HUMAN);ACETYL-SPERM BS-17 COMPONENT (184-210) (HUMAN);AC-CALPASTATIN (184-210) (HUMAN)

sterile and endotoxin free

Ac-[DTrp16]-Endothelin-1 (16-21) displays high affinity for the ET-A receptor and inhibits ET-1 stimulated arachidonic acid release in rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells.

sterile and endotoxin free

sterile and endotoxin free

sterile and endotoxin free

This peptide is reported to act as a partial agonist of the nocieptin/orphanin FQ receptor expressed in CHO cells. Also, this peptide acts as a competitive antagonist noc/OFQ-stimulated GTP-gamma (35) S binding in rat brain membranes.  

sterile and endotoxin free

Acetalin 1 has a high affinity for m and k3 opiod receptors.

sterile and endotoxin free

Adrenocorticotropin, stimulates androgen production through melanocortin type 2 receptor. Increases protein synthesis in cell bodies of motor neurons. Stimulates fasciculata/reticularis cells. Active in vivo and in vitro.

other name: Adrenocortictropic Hormone (1-16), human

sterile and endotoxin free

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also known as corticotropin, is produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. ACTH is an important component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as a response to biological stress. ACTH secretion is triggered by the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released from the hypothalamus, and stimulates the adrenal glands to release corticosteroids such as cortisol. ACTH [1-39] corresponds to full-length ACTH. ACTH [1-24] is conserved across species and is 75% as potent as ACTH. ACTH [1-10] has no ACTH activity but alter blood pressure. ACTH [4-10] has neurological effects.

sterile and endotoxin free